Home · Minerals A–Z
Minerals and gem materials A–Z
159 minerals and gem materials. Mohs hardness and crystal system are printed exactly as their Wikipedia article records them; where the article has no value, the row says so.
| Mineral | Mohs hardness | Crystal system |
|---|---|---|
| Aegirine | 6 | Monoclinic |
| Agate | 6.5–7 | Trigonal (quartz) or monoclinic (moganite) |
| Albite | 6–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Alexandrite | 8.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Amazonite | 6.0–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Amber | not available | not available |
| Amethyst | 7 (lower in impure varieties) | Trigonal |
| Ammolite | 3.5 - 4.5 | not available |
| Ammonite | not available | not available |
| Andalusite | 6.5–7.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Andradite | 6.5 to 7 | Cubic |
| Angelite | 3.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Anhydrite | 3.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Apache Tear | not available | not available |
| Apatite | 5 (defining mineral) | Hexagonal |
| Apophyllite | 4.5–5 | Tetragonal |
| Aquamarine | not available | not available |
| Aragonite | 3.5–4 | Orthorhombic |
| Astrophyllite | 3–4 | Triclinic |
| Augite | 5.5 to 6 | Monoclinic |
| Aventurine | not available | not available |
| Azurite | 3.5 to 4 | Monoclinic |
| Barite | 3–3.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Benitoite | 6–6.5 | Hexagonal |
| Beryl | 7.5–8.0 | Hexagonal |
| Biotite | 2.5–3.0 | Monoclinic |
| Bloodstone | not available | not available |
| Blue Lace Agate | 6.5–7 | Trigonal (quartz) or monoclinic (moganite) |
| Borax | not available | not available |
| Calcite | 3 (defining mineral) | Trigonal |
| Carnelian | 6.5–7.0 | Trigonal (quartz), monoclinic (moganite) |
| Celestite | 3.0–3.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Cerussite | 3 to 3.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Chabazite | 4-5 | Trigonal |
| Chalcedony | 6–7 | Trigonal (quartz) or monoclinic (moganite) |
| Charoite | 5 - 6 | Monoclinic |
| Chiastolite | not available | not available |
| Chrysoberyl | 8.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Chrysocolla | 2.5–3.5 (7 for chrysocolla chalcedony, high-silica content) | Orthorhombic ; Unknown space group |
| Chrysoprase | 6.0–7.0 | Trigonal (quartz), monoclinic (moganite) |
| Cinnabar | 2.0–2.5 | Trigonal |
| Citrine | 7 | Trigonal |
| Colemanite | 4.5 | Monoclinic |
| Coral | not available | not available |
| Cordierite | 7–7.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Corundum | 9 (defining mineral) | Trigonal |
| Crocoite | 2.5–3 | Monoclinic |
| Cuprite | 3.5 to 4 | Cubic |
| Danburite | 7 – 7.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Datolite | 5 to 5.5 | Monoclinic |
| Demantoid | 6.5–7.0 | cubic |
| Diamond | 10 (defining mineral) | Cubic |
| Diopside | 5.5–6.5 | Monoclinic |
| Dolomite | 3.5–4.0 | Trigonal |
| Dumortierite | 7–8.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Emerald | 7.5–8 | Hexagonal (6/m 2/m 2/m) Space group: P6/mсc |
| Epidote | 6–7 | Monoclinic |
| Eudialyte | 5–6 | Trigonal |
| Fire Agate | 6.5-7 | Trigonal (quartz), monoclinic (moganite) |
| Fluorite | 4 (defining mineral) | Isometric |
| Galena | 2.5–2.75 | Cubic |
| Garnet | 6.5–7.5 | Isometric |
| Grossular | 6.5 to 7 | Cubic |
| Gypsum | 1.5–2 (defining mineral for 2) | Monoclinic |
| Halite | 2.0–2.5 | Cubic |
| Heliodor | 7.5–8.0 | Hexagonal |
| Hematite | 5.5–6.5 | Trigonal |
| Hemimorphite | 4.5–5 | Orthorhombic |
| Herkimer Diamond | not available | not available |
| Hessonite | 6.5 to 7 | Cubic |
| Heulandite | 3.5–4 | Monoclinic ; More than one space group |
| Hiddenite | not available | not available |
| Howlite | 3.5 | Monoclinic |
| Iolite | 7–7.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Jade | 6–7 | Monoclinic |
| Jadeite | 6.5–7 | Monoclinic |
| Jasper | 6.5–7 | Hexagonal |
| Jet | not available | not available |
| Kunzite | 6.5–7 | Monoclinic |
| Kyanite | 4.5–5 parallel to one axis ; 6.5–7 perpendicular to that axis | Triclinic |
| Labradorite | 6–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Lapis Lazuli | not available | not available |
| Larimar | 4.5 - 5 | Triclinic |
| Larvikite | not available | not available |
| Lazulite | 5.5–6.0 | Monoclinic |
| Lazurite | 5–5.5 | Isometric |
| Lepidolite | 2.5–3 | Monoclinic |
| Magnesite | 3.5–4.5 | Trigonal |
| Magnetite | 5.5–6.5 | Isometric |
| Malachite | 3.5–4 | Monoclinic |
| Marcasite | 6–6.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Microcline | 6–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Mimetite | 3.5–4 | Hexagonal |
| Moldavite | 5.5 to 7 | Amorphous |
| Mookaite | not available | not available |
| Moonstone | not available | not available |
| Morganite | 7.5 to 8 | not available |
| Muscovite | 2–2.5 parallel to {001} ; 4 right angle to {001} | Monoclinic |
| Natrolite | 5–6 | Orthorhombic |
| Nephrite | 6.0 to 6.5 | monoclinic |
| Obsidian | 5–6 | not available |
| Olivine | 6.5–7.0 | Orthorhombic |
| Onyx | 6.5–7 | Trigonal (quartz), Monoclinic (moganite) |
| Opal | 5.5–6 | Amorphous |
| Orpiment | 1.5–2 | Monoclinic |
| Orthoclase | 6 (defining mineral) | Monoclinic |
| Pearl | 2.5–4.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Peridot | 6.5–7 | Orthorhombic |
| Petalite | 6–6.5 | Monoclinic |
| Phenakite | 7.5–8 | Trigonal |
| Phlogopite | 2–2.5 | Monoclinic |
| Pietersite | 7 | not available |
| Prehnite | 6–6.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Pyrite | 6–6.5 | Cubic |
| Realgar | 1.5–2 | Monoclinic |
| Rhodochrosite | 3.5–4 | Trigonal |
| Rhodonite | 5.5–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Rose Quartz | 7 | Trigonal |
| Ruby | 9.0 | Trigonal |
| Sapphire | 9 | Trigonal |
| Sardonyx | 6.5–7 | Trigonal (quartz), Monoclinic (moganite) |
| Scolecite | 5 to 5+1⁄2 | Monoclinic |
| Selenite | not available | not available |
| Septarian | not available | not available |
| Serpentine | not available | not available |
| Shungite | not available | not available |
| Siderite | 3.75–4.25 | Trigonal |
| Sillimanite | 7 | Orthorhombic |
| Smithsonite | 4.5 | Trigonal |
| Smoky Quartz | 7 – lower in impure varieties (defining mineral) | α-quartz: trigonal trapezohedral class 3 2 ; β-quartz: hexagonal 622 |
| Sodalite | 5.5–6 | Cubic |
| Spessartine | 6.5 – 7.5 | Isometric |
| Sphene | 5–5.5 | Monoclinic |
| Spinel | 7.5–8.0 | Cubic |
| Spodumene | 6.5–7 | Monoclinic |
| Staurolite | 7 – 7.5 | Monoclinic |
| Stibnite | 2 | Orthorhombic |
| Stilbite | 3+1⁄2 to 4 | Monoclinic, ; also triclinic and orthorhombic |
| Sugilite | 6–6+1⁄2 | Hexagonal |
| Sunstone | 6.0–6.5 | Triclinic |
| Sylvite | 2 | Isometric |
| Talc | 1 (defining mineral) | Monoclinic or triclinic |
| Tanzanite | 6.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Tektite | not available | not available |
| Tiger's Eye | 6.5–7 | not available |
| Titanite | 5–5.5 | Monoclinic |
| Topaz | 8 (defining mineral) | Orthorhombic |
| Topazolite | 6.5 to 7 | Cubic |
| Tourmaline | 7.0–7.5 | Trigonal |
| Tsavorite | 7.0–7.5 | Cubic |
| Turquoise | 5–6 | Triclinic |
| Ulexite | 2.5 | Triclinic |
| Unakite | not available | not available |
| Vanadinite | 3–4 | Hexagonal |
| Variscite | 4.5 | Orthorhombic |
| Vivianite | 1.5–2 | Monoclinic |
| Wulfenite | 3 | Tetragonal |
| Zircon | 7.5 | Tetragonal |
| Zoisite | 6 to 7 | Orthorhombic |
Source record: crystal-compendium/minerals.json — 159 resolved rows of the 168 entries fetched 2 October 2026. Text and properties from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.
Property-table coverage
Of the 159 pages in this list, 137 reprint a Wikipedia property table and 22 carry none; the row-by-row counts are on Property-table coverage.